The hypostyle hall or pronaos is supported by six pillars. There are scenes of the king (with his wife) defeating his enemies. The history of the Abu Simbel temples begins with the twenty year effort to build these impressive structures, along with four other rock temples built in Nubia during the reign of Ramses II. On a back wall are rock cut sculptures of four seated figures: Ra-Horakhty, Ramesses (as a god), and the gods Amun Ra and Ptah. Uiteindelijk was het Giovanni Battista Belzoni die in 1817, na meer dan een maand bezig te zijn geweest het zand te verwijderen, de tempel na eeuwen als eerste kon betreden. Abu Simbel is an ancient temple complex, originally cut into a solid rock cliff, in southern Egypt and located at the second cataract of the Nile River. Behalve de beelden in het inwendige van de tempel, liet Ramses voor de façade vier 22 meter hoge zittende kolossale beelden van zichzelf maken. It was built for the gods Amun, Ra-Horakhty, and Ptah, as well as for Rameses himself, who was treated as a god. Visiting Abu Simbel Temple. The facade is 35 meters wide. The team of archaeologists who moved the temple took special care to maintain this … Contact Abu Simbel Temples on Messenger. At … Aboe Simbel is een archeologisch complex bestaande uit twee zeer grote uit de rotswanden uitgehakte Egyptische tempels in het zuiden van Egypte op de westelijke oever van het Nassermeer. Abu Simbel Temple Egypt History, Facts, Inside, Map, Plan, Ticket Tour in Aswan. 2500 inwoners ligt in de buurt van het complex. Abu Simbel Temple History. Details of the temples, with drawings, are in Edward William Lane's Description of Egypt (1825-1828).[2]. These splendid Abu Simbel temples are located in the Nubian village in southern Egypt about 230 km southwest of Aswan near the borders of Sudan. Abu Simbel is located in the south of Egypt. Reading, writing, engineering, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, space measurement, time calculations, were all part of this learning. [7] Three large doors open into another room. The moving of the temple began in 1964, with archaeologists, engineers and workers coming from all over the world as a UNESCO project. The Great Temple at Abu Simbel took about 20 years to build. pp.493-502. They are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Nubian Monuments. Aswan, Aswan Governorate, Egypt, 12655. Book your tickets online for Abu Simbel Temple Complex, Abu Simbel: See 3,453 reviews, articles, and 5,259 photos of Abu Simbel Temple Complex, ranked No.1 on Tripadvisor among 7 attractions in Abu Simbel. De twee tempels werden uit een berg gehakt op order van Ramses II in de 13e eeuw v.Chr. It makea sense that these dates had some relation to a great event, such as the 30th anniversary of the pharaoh's rule. Famous Pharaoh, he lived during the time of the New Empire (from 1500 to 1000 BC). Het lijkt zo alsof ze ter plaatse uit de rotsen zijn gehouwen. The smaller temple was built for the goddess Hathor, who is shown as Nefertari, Ramesses's favourite of his many wives. Don’t even look at them. Abu Simbel is one of the temple complexes that had to be moved (36 meters up in case of Abu Simbel) because of the rising water when the construction of … They are undisputedly one of the world's most breathtaking monuments, and Egypt's second most visited touristic site, the Pyramids of Giza being on the top of the list. Abu Simbel is a small village in the extreme south of Egypt, not too far from the border with Sudan.It’s part of the southernmost Governorate of Upper Egypt called Aswan and about 230 kilometers (140 miles) to the southwest of the city of Aswan.. It’s famous for its two massive rock temples called the Great Temple and the Small Temple, which are … 2500 inwoners ligt in de buurt van het complex. Sharon Kurtz photos. Abu-Simbel Temples Prepare to be blown away by the magnificence of these temples. The facade is cut into solid rock, with two groups of very large statues on either side of the large gateway. • The temple is dedicated to the … Door het verplaatsen van de tempels naar een 65 meter gelegen hoger plateau is het verschijnsel van beide data met één dag verschoven.[1]. Commemorate his victory at the Battle of Kadesh. Egypt Tour Consultant will get you to the heart of Egypt, with miraculous travel experiences and the best planning advice. The temples are on the western bank of Lake Nasser, about 230 km southwest of Aswan. A stele on the facade records the marriage of Ramesses with a daughter of king Hattusili III, which sealed the peace between Egypt and the Hittites. Find what to do today, this weekend, or in April. Hathor is shown as a cow on a boat sailing through papyri plants. The rooms become smaller in size from the entrance to the sanctuary. They were commissioned by Ramesses II, the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, who is often regarded as the greatest and the most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom. The hypostyle hall (sometimes also called a pronaos) is 18 meters long and 16.7 meters wide. Source for information on The Temples at Abu Simbel: Science and Its Times: … Tour guides at the temples tell a story that "Abu Simbel" was a young local boy who took Burckhardt and Belzoni to see the buried temple. Across the top is a frieze with 22 baboons. De tempels behoren tot de oudste monumenten van Egypte. Like most Egyptian temples it has a triangle shaped layout inside. The Abu Simbel temples were originally located along the Nile river, carved out of the solid mountain rock. Cheek our Hurghada to Luxor Day Trip and Tours & Cheek our Hurghada Airport Transfers Price list Taxi, Bus, Mini bus and Private car. Abu Simbel, site of two temples built by the Egyptian king Ramses II, located in ancient times at pharaonic Egypt’s southern frontier facing Nubia. The Abu Simbel temples are two very large rock temples built by the ancient Egyptians, at Abu Simbel. They would have been flooded by water from Lake Nasser which was formed by the building of a dam on the Nile River. Ramses bouwde deze tempels om zichzelf en de Egyptische goden te eren. [6] Usually the statues of the queens stand next to those of the pharaoh, but were never taller than his knees. The Abu Simbel Temples are located on the west bank of the Nile River, approximately 230 km southwest of Aswan in an area known a Nubia. Kleine Tempel van Hathor en Nefertari op afstand, Aboe Simbel, 2004, Grote Tempel van Ramses II. Epic engineering rescued colossal ancient Egyptian temples from floodwaters. De afstand van de indrukwekkende voorhof tot aan het allerheiligste bedroeg 55 meter. Experience the greatest temple of Egypt – Abu Simbel – and a Ptolemaic masterpiece, the temple of Hathor at Dendera in Middle Egypt; Unseen Sakkara – some unique sites including Serappeum, Ty Mereruka and Tomb of the Manicurists; Sail like Cleopatra on a deluxe all-inclusive Nile cruise – visiting temples and sites along the way; Travel with a collegial and cultured small group (no more than 20 … It was one of six rock temples built in Nubia by Ramesses II. He told Italian explorer Giovanni Belzoni, who went to the site, but was unable to dig out an entry to the temple. This is a really just a large puzzle with the answer being Ramesses II's throne name, User-Maat-Re. Collectively, these are known as the “Nubian Monuments” and they are by far the best attractions in … Saving the temples of Egypt and dismantling, stone by stone, the Abu Simbel temple in the early 1960s was a first act to recognize this idea. [6] The Temples of Abu Simbel. In 1960, a new dam on the Nile threatened Ramses II’s temples at Abu Simbel and other ancient treasures. Abu Simbel temples. These were some of the most aggressive and crazy sellers I encountered in my 2 weeks in Egypt, which is saying a lot. The Abu Simbel temples are two massive rock temples at Abu Simbel (أبو سمبل in Arabic), a village in Nubia, southern Egypt, near the border with Sudan.They are situated on the western bank of Lake Nasser, about 230 km southwest of Aswan (about 300 km by road). temple of abu … The Abu Simbel temples were placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1979. One of the most remarkable things about Abu Simbel’s Great Temple was its orientation. Moving the Temples . Each temple has its own priest to represent the king in daily religious ceremonies. This has four pillars covered with beautiful scenes of offerings to the gods. The temples were discovered in 1813 by Swiss orientalist Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, who had heard about them from the locals. On the south and the north walls of this room there are scenes of the king and his wife giving papyrus plants to Hathor. Maak een culturele reis naar deze wereldberoemde toeristische bestemming vanuit Aswan en verken de buitenkant en het interieur van deze iconische locaties en de omliggende kleinere tempels. There are seven Nubian temples in Egypt, Abu Simbel is the most important one. However, there is no evidence to support this. Abu Simbel is a site with two temples both built by Ramses II – one for himself and one for his favourite wife Nefertari. It is believed that the temple was positioned so that on October 22 and February 22, light from the sun would reach the sanctuary. Work on the temples began about 1264 BC and lasted for about 20 years. Aboe Simbel behoort tot de meest opmerkelijke tempels van de Oude Egyptenaren. During his reign, Ramesses II built many temples throughout Egypt and Nubia, particularly Nubia, in order to … • 320 kilometers away from Aswan, is it the most beautiful construction of the greatest pharaoh in Egyptian history. The discrepancy in the dates is due to differing interpretations of the life of Ramesses II by … Belzoni went back in 1817, and was able to enter the temples. This is a village in Nubia, southern Egypt, near the border with Sudan. Queen Nefertari is closely linked to this goddess.[6]. In the 6th century BC, the sand covered the statues of the main temple up to their knees. This page was last changed on 16 January 2021, at 22:58. The plan of the Small Temple is a simple copy of the Great Temple. [6] It is one the grandest and most beautiful temples from the time of Rameses II, and one of the most beautiful in Egypt. [4] Some parts had to be saved from under the waters of Lake Nasser. De tempel van Aboe Simbel werd in 1813 ontdekt maar door de grote hoeveelheid zand kon niemand er nog in. The temple of Abu Simbel was built during the reign of Ramesses II and the temple is actually two separate temples through which king Ramesses II wanted to immortalize his love to his most beloved wife “Nefertari”.. 1. A fun fact about Abu Simbel is that it was aligned so that on February 22 and October 22 of every year the sun shines light directly into the temple. The phenomenon occurred on February 22, the date of Ramesses II’s coronation, and on October 22, his birthday! In de bergtempel bevonden zich in de grote zuilenhal acht zuilen in de gedaante van Ramses II, elk bijna 10 meter hoog. Get Directions. [7] These huge statues were carved into solid rock. One plan put forward was to build a dam around the temples to keep the water at the same level as the river. Abu Simbel is an ancient temple complex, originally cut into a solid rock cliff, in southern Egypt and located at the second cataract of the Nile River. The temples are on the western bank of Lake Nasser, about 230 km southwest of Aswan. It was completed in the 24th year of the rule of Ramesses the Great (about 1265 BC). The Temple of Hathor and Nefertari, Abu Simbel, Egypt The Abu Simbel temples are two massive rock temples in Abu Simbel in Nubia, southern Egypt. This Abu Simbel Temples guide will help you plan a perfect holiday in Egypt as it offers info about the best time to visit, things to do while you are there and more. [6], From the hypostyle hall, one enters the second pillared hall. Abu Simbel is a complex formed by two temples carved into the rock, built by the will of Pharaoh Ramses II during his reign (1279-1213 BC) to commemorate his victory in the battle of Qadesh (ca. This would light up the sculptures on the back wall, except for the statue of Ptah, the god linked with the Underworld, who always remained in the dark. Over time people stopped using the temples which became covered with sand. On the north side the same figures are in reverse order. It cost $40 million at the time. The Abu Simbel temples. When work began at Abu Simbel in 1264 BC, the temples were more than 200 feet lower elevation from where they now stand; carved out of a mountainside along the Nile River. De tempels behoren tot de oudste monumenten van Egypte. Ramesses went to Abu Simbel with his wife in the 24th year of his rule. Many scholars believe that the two temples of Abu Simbel were an act of ego, pride and love on the side of Ramses II. There are two ways one can avoid the crowds while enjoying a visit to Abu Simbel in Egypt – hop in a time machine, or go during a pandemic. 1274 BC).. An error occurred. Both are located on the left bank of the Nile south of … Daarna zijn ze opnieuw opgebouwd op een 65 meter hogere locatie die 200 meter verder van de rivier ligt. The construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt drew unprecedented international attention to the protection of cultural heritage. In maart 1813 werden de tempels ontdekt door de Zwitser Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. October 22 is 60 days before the solstice and February 20 is 60 days after the Solstice. They were carved out of the mountainside in the 13th century B.C during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II . Abu Simbel 280 kilometers south of Aswan and north of Lake Nasser on the Nile, the Abu Simbel temples are mythical places. Please try again later. Abu Simbel is located in the south of Egypt. UNESCO launched an international safeguarding campaign to save monuments in Nubia from being flooded by the waters of Lake Nasser. The temple was forgotten until 1813, when Jean-Louis Burckhardt saw the top frieze of the main temple. At that time, the temples were threatened by submersion in Lake Nasser when the High … "[1] The temples were cut into solid rock in side of a cliff during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC. We have reviews of the best places to see in Abu Simbel. The two temples which comprise the site were created during the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1279 - c. 1213 BCE) either between 1264 - 1244 BCE or 1244-1224 BCE. Abu Simbel is a site with two temples both built by Ramses II – one for himself and one for his favourite wife Nefertari. Hoofd van Ramses II met de dubbelkroon van Onder- en Boven-Egypte, 2011, Grote Tempel van Ramses II, beeld in de gang, 2004, Grote Tempel van Ramses II, interieur, 2004, Overzicht van Grote Tempel van Ramses II (links) en Kleine Tempel van Hathor en Nefertari, 2004, Grote Tempel van Ramses II, Aboe Simbel, 2004, Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae, https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aboe_Simbel&oldid=58028891, Wikipedia:Lokale afbeelding anders dan op Wikidata, Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal zelfde link als op Wikidata, Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen. So, in order to preserve the buildings the temples were carefully moved … The Temples of Abu Simbel are one of the most important … Thanks to UNESCO funding, Abu Simbel was saved from drowning. [3] It was thought that raising the temples would put them in danger of being eroded by the wind. Tussen de benen van deze aan weerszijden van de hoofdingang geplaatste beelden staan een aantal kleinere beelden die de moeder van Ramses, zijn echtgenote koningin Nefertari en verscheidene van de 100 kinderen van de farao voorstellen. De stad Aboe Simbel met ca. Discover Building Secret Great & Small Temple of Ramses II and Nefertari, Relocation and Moved of Abu Simbel complex and more. The complex is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Nubian Monuments," which run from Abu Simbel downriver to Philae (near … Abu Simbel is a village located in southern Egypt, on the bank of the river Nile. THE TEMPLES AT ABU SIMBEL Minerva | September/October 2020 Discovered in 1813, moved wholesale to their present location between 1964 and 1968, the Great and Small Temples at Abu Simbel were twin monuments of Rameses II to himself and his wife. The Abu Simbel Temples are located on the west bank of the Nile River, approximately 230 km southwest of Aswan in an area known a Nubia. On sides of these are statues of the queen and the king. On the entrance of the temple, there are figures of Ramses II that are 20 meters tall. They are situated on the western bank of Lake Nasser, about 230 km southwest of Aswan. De tempels in dit complex behoren tot de meest indrukwekkende monumenten uit het oude Egypte. The temples, located in southern Egypt near Sudan, were built in the 13th Century as a lasting monument to the king Pharaoh Ramesses II and his queen Nefertari. Hij deed dit met name om zichzelf en zijn koningin Nefertari te eren. It also helped to strengthen Egyptian religion in the area. Above the entrance is a bas-relief with two images of the king praising the falcon-headed Ra Harakhti. The Small Temple was built about 100 meters northeast of the Great Temple. Abu Simbel is a complex formed by two temples carved into the rock, built by the will of Pharaoh Ramses II during his reign (1279-1213 BC) to commemorate his victory in the battle of Qadesh (ca. It is supported by eight huge Osirid pillars. These show Ramesses as a god, with Osiris, the god of the Underworld. All statues show Ramesses II, seated on a throne and wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The Abu Simbel temples were originally located along the Nile river, carved out of the solid mountain rock. Dit hotel in Abu Simbel ligt binnen 15 minuten lopen van Haven van Abusimble, Nefertari's Temple of Hathor en Tempel van Koningin Nefertari. UNESCO launched an international safeguarding campaign to save monuments in Nubia from being flooded by the waters of Lake Nasser. Ramesses and Nefertari are seen with the sacred boats of Amun and Ra-Harakhti. [7] The most famous image shows the king on his chariot shooting arrows against his enemies, who are being taken prisoner. Pas vier jaar later, in 1817, kwam de eerste man in de tempel; de Italiaan Giovanni Battista Belzoni bereikte na ongeveer een maand graven een van zijn hoogtepunten. The complex and its two temples took a total of 20 years to complete, though the start date is up for dispute, and are dedicated entirely to the gods Ra-Horakty, Ptah, Ramesses II, the goddess Hathor, and Queen Nefertari … Things to Do in Abu Simbel, Egypt: See Tripadvisor's 4,606 traveler reviews and photos of Abu Simbel tourist attractions. Saving the temples of Egypt and dismantling, stone by stone, the Abu Simbel temple in the early 1960s was a first act to recognize this idea. On the sides of the entrance are two statues of the king, one wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt and the other with double crown. De tempel was zo gebouwd dat het zonlicht op twee dagen van het jaar, op 21 februari en 21 oktober, via de ingang precies op drie van de vier in het heiligdom staande beelden viel. • It was constructed for the pharaoh Ramesses II who reigned for 67 years during the 13th century BC. Some blocks weighed up to 30 tons, with most around 20 tons. Abu-Simbel Temples. Nearly 150 years … (Playback ID: cay-x00-mxlX4MSA) Learn More. 1274 BC).. [7] Other scenes show Egyptian victories in Libya and Nubia. the purpose of the two temples was to impress Egypt’s southern neighbors. History of Abu Simbel. This … The great Abu Simbel temples were constructed by Ramses the Great (1279-1213 BCE) which began in 1264 BC till 1244 BC taking 20 full years which was dedicated to the gods Ra-Horakty, the deified Ramesses II (The Great Temple) Ptah, and the goddess Hathor and Queen Nefertari.It was known as “Temple of Ramesses, Beloved By Amun” and built to two main reasons, the … Facebook is showing information to help … [5] The temple is open to the public. It was called the "Temple of Ramesses, beloved by Amun". Travelogue about Egypt by John Sawyer, Gloucester Cine and Video Club UK Egyptologist Nigel Fletcher-Jones, whose new book Abu Simbel and the Nubian Temples was published last year, takes us on a guided tour. Anders dan de meeste tempels in Egypte, is de tempel van Abu Simbel niet makkelijk te bereiken. [6] The bas-reliefs on the walls of the pronaos show battle scenes from Ramesses's many wars. The Pharaoh should be the only celebrant in daily religious ceremonies performed in different temples throughout Egypt. Together with the earlier mentioned Philae Temple, Abu Simbel forms an UNESCO World Heritage Site. The statues, slightly more than ten meters high, are of the king and his queen. On the south side they are (facing them from left to right), princes Meryatum and Meryre, princesses Meritamen and Henuttawy, and princes Rahirwenemef and Amun-her-khepeshef. The bas-reliefs in the hall show Ramesses becoming a god. Na lange tijd zoeken wist hij beetje bij beetje de duizenden jaren oude tempel van Aboe Simpel bloot te leggen. The temple of Ramses II, or major temple, is the largest that this pharaoh ordered to build in Nubia while the minor temple is dedicated to Nefertari, his first. Twee van de beelden stellen Ramses en de Egyptische oppergod Amon voor. Today they are a UNESCO World Heritage site, along with a number of other UNESCO sites in Nubia from Abu Simbel Temples to Philae Temple near Aswan. De vallei, die bekendstaat als de Nubische Monumenten, loopt van Aboe Simbel tot Philae en staat op de lijst van Werelderfgoed van de UNESCO. Op de beide dagen vierde men vermoedelijk de militaire overwinningen van Ramses II. Next to the legs of the large statue, there are others no higher than the knees of the pharaoh. The construction of Abu Simbel temple started in 1264 B.C and lasted until 1244 B.C. Four colossal 20 meter statues of the pharaoh with the double Atef crown of Upper and Lower Egypt decorate the facade of the temple, which is 35 meters wide and is topped by a frieze with 22 baboons, worshippers of the … You’ll want to bring water, and avoid the souvenir shops on this street at all costs. Alleen op Ptah, de god van de duisternis, niet; hij bleef altijd in het donker staan. After you arrive in Abu Simbel, the temples are just a 5-10 minute walk from the parking lot, or a 15 minute walk from Abu Simbel village. The larger one was built for the gods Ra-Harakhty, Ptah and Amun. These dates could be the king's birthday and coronation day. Today hundreds of visitors come to the temples every day. Tempels van Abu Simbel behoren tot de meest ongelooflijke van de UNESCO-werelderfgoedlocaties. Endangered by the erection of the Aswan High Dam in the mid-20th century, the temples were disassembled and reconstructed on higher ground. He ordered these temples built to: 1. As of 2012, it has about 2600 inhabitants. The temple was meant to impress Egypt's southern neighbours. The temples also commemorate his victory at the battle of Kadesh in 1274 BCE. [6] The capitals of the pillars have the face of the goddess Hathor; known as a Hathoric column. Southern Egypt’s Grand Temples: Abu Simbel. The big statues along the left-hand wall have the white crown of Upper Egypt, while those on the opposite side are wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt (pschent). These blocks were lifted and put back together on a new site 65 meters higher, and 200 meters further back from the river. This shows the unending nature of the pharaoh. History of Abu Simbel. The Description of Abu Simbel Temples. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. They are undisputedly one of the world's most breathtaking monuments, and Egypt's second most visited touristic site, the Pyramids of Giza being on the top of the list. Formerly named Ibsambul, this archaeological site consisting of two temples dug into the rock was built by Pharaoh Ramses II. But the formation of Lake Nasser—necessitated by the Aswan High Dam’s proposed construction in the 1960’s—threatened to destroy them. The complete temples were moved in 1968, to a place high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir. The Abu Simbel temples are two massive rock temples at Abu Simbel (أبو سمبل in Arabic), a village in Nubia, southern Egypt, near the border with Sudan.They are situated on the western bank of Lake Nasser, about 230 km southwest of Aswan (about 300 km by road). Maar volgens de verhalen ook om zijn Koesjitische buren onder de indruk te brengen. The complex is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Nubian Monuments" which run from Abu Simbel downriver to Philae (near Aswan). The statue on the left of the entrance was damaged in an earthquake soon after it was built. Ramesses chose the site near the Sudanese border because it was already sacred to Hathor, goddess of motherhood, joy, and love. The head and body are on the ground at the statue's feet. Aboe Simbel is een archeologisch complex bestaande uit twee zeer grote uit de rotswanden uitgehakte Egyptische tempels in het zuiden van Egypte op de westelijke oever van het Nassermeer. The Abu Simbel temple A film about how a barrier was built in front of the Abu Simbel temple, to protect the temple from the flooding of the Nile. [6][7] The dates have changed by one day because of the movement of the Tropic of Cancer in the last 3280 years. On the west wall, Ramesses II and Nefertari are shown making offerings to god Horus and the gods of the Cataracts — Satis, Anubis and Khnum. Eventually, the temples were named after him. ABU SIMBEL TEMPLES [EGYPT] • Abu Simbel is a set of two temples near the border of Egypt with Sudan. The sanctuary has bas-reliefs on the side walls with scenes of offerings to various gods made either by the pharaoh or the queen. The Abu Simbel complex is made up of two temples: the Great Temple (dedicated to the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah, Amun, and the deified Ramesses II) and the Small Temple (dedicated to the goddess Hathor and Ramesses II’s most beloved queen, Nefertari). De twee tempels in Egypte werden uit een berg gehakt door Ramses II in de 13e eeuw v.Chr. However, due to the rising waters of Lake Nasser when the Egyptian government built the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River, these original locations are now underwater. Abu Simbel (also Abu Simbal, Ebsambul or Isambul; Arabic: أبو سنبل , romanized: Abū Sinbal or Arabic: أبو سمبل , romanized: Abū Simbal) is a village in the Egyptian part of Nubia, about 240 km (150 mi) southwest of Aswan and near the border with Sudan.As of 2012, it has about 2600 inhabitants. In 1959 an international campaign was started to raise money to save the temples from being flooded by water from the new Aswan High Dam. 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